Tim Gee tracks down Ann Lee’s Quaker connection

March 17, 2026

I always love a lit­tle sleuthing and all the bet­ter if it argues against some poor­ly researched report that made its way to Wikipedia.

The claim is that Shak­er leader Ann Lee was born a Quak­er. The Wikipedia entry says: “Her par­ents were mem­bers of a dis­tinct branch of the Soci­ety of Friends (a sect of Quak­ers) and too poor to afford their chil­dren even the rudi­ments of edu­ca­tion.” The source of this is giv­en in the cita­tion: a 1879 ency­clo­pe­dia arti­cle, a copy of which is host­ed on Wik­isource: “Her par­ents were mem­bers of a dis­tinct branch of the soci­ety of Friends, and too poor to afford their chil­dren even the rudi­ments of edu­ca­tion.” A source for this claim was nev­er giv­en in the ency­clo­pe­dia, though lat­er on it does ref­er­ence Fred­er­ick William Evans, a much lat­er Shak­er figure.

That is the Tim Gee com­piles five pieces of evi­dence that togeth­er feel very con­vinc­ing.

There are of course influ­ences but that’s to be expect­ed. Every reli­gious move­ment of the Sec­ond Great Awak­en­ing had some rela­tion­ship to Quak­ers. The Methodists, Mor­mons, Holi­ness, Adven­tists all have some con­nec­tions. When you tour the “1652 Coun­try” area of Eng­land, where George Fox first brought Quak­ers togeth­er, you’ll keep run­ning into signs about John Wes­ley doing the same for Methodists a cen­tu­ry lat­er, and here in South Jer­sey where I live a whole slew of Quak­ers became Methodists in the ear­ly 1800s. At least one ear­ly Mor­mon evan­ge­list in Ohio essen­tial­ly went from Quak­er town to Quak­er town try­ing to recruit peo­ple. The Quak­er defense of female lead­er­ship and the prin­ci­ple that women can preach obvi­ous­ly rubbed off on the Shak­ers and oth­er movements.

The idea that the British colonies in Amer­i­ca were some pure land where we could rein­vent a prim­i­tive Chris­tian­i­ty was a pow­er­ful meme (if you will) at the time and cer­tain­ly drew Ann Lee to cross over and plant a reli­gious move­ment here. But Ann Lee picked one of the least Quak­er areas to plant her com­mu­ni­ty and drew ear­ly mem­bers from New Eng­land mil­len­ni­al­ist revival­ists. She def­i­nite­ly want­ed to build some­thing dis­tinct from Friends.

March 29: A Quaker Trans Day of Visibility Gathering

March 10, 2026

Ten authors fea­tured in the March 2026 Friends Jour­nal spe­cial issue on gen­der and sex­u­al iden­ti­ties join trans and non­bi­na­ry mod­er­a­tors for facil­i­tat­ed con­ver­sa­tion. Free and both online at at Swarth­more Col­lege. Learn more here.

I wrote the intro­duc­to­ry col­umn for this issue. Here’s a taste:

am grate­ful that both our reli­gious soci­ety and wider cul­ture have devel­oped a greater under­stand­ing of the diver­si­ty of gen­der expres­sions. I appre­ci­ate an expand­ed vocab­u­lary with which to include peo­ple. (Only ten years ago the sin­gu­lar “they” was still cau­tioned against in the Friends Jour­nal style guide!) Change can be con­fus­ing and bewil­der­ing, but open con­ver­sa­tions between Friends one-on-one and in set­tings like a clear­ness com­mit­tee can help us under­stand one anoth­er in our long­ing to be known and loved.

You can read the whole issue on Friends Jour­nal.

A Quaker Trans Day of Visibility Gathering: A free online & in person event for Friends A Quak­er Trans Day of Vis­i­bil­i­ty Gath­er­ing: A free online & in per­son event for Friends 

Indigenous and Quaker Both

January 27, 2026

There’s often an implied us-them dichoto­my when Quak­ers talk about Indige­nous Peo­ples so I’m fas­ci­nat­ed by com­mu­ni­ties that are both. My col­league Sharlee DiMenichi wrote about the hand­ful of month­ly meet­ings — and an entire year­ly meet­ing — in the U.S. that are major­i­ty Indige­nous.

I love com­pli­cat­ed iden­ti­ties like this. There’s a lot of dis­cern­ment that goes on about how to incor­po­rate Indige­nous and Quak­er ele­ments into life. For many, it seems a sur­pris­ing­ly nat­ur­al fit. This is true else­where, in parts of Africa and South Amer­i­ca, where mis­sion­ary Quak­ers’ beliefs meshed with the belief sys­tems of pre-colonial eth­nic groups, allow­ing an easy transition.

Also of inter­est is that these meet­ings are all Chris­t­ian, which demog­ra­phers tell us is the norm for Native Amer­i­cans today.1 Decolo­nial­ism means some­thing very dif­fer­ent for those who are com­mit­ted to hold on to Christianity.

Becky Jones: Connecting Spirit to Spirit

December 19, 2025

I talked today with Decem­ber Friends Jour­nal author Becky Jones. Her arti­cle “The Inti­ma­cy of Prayer” appears in the cur­rent issue. I real­ly appre­ci­at­ed talk­ing about how we hold peo­ple in love, in the light, in prayer. One of my own meth­ods is just to keep a prayer list on my phone but in prep­ping this inter­view I real­ized I had­n’t con­tributed to it in a year. Wow! If for noth­ing else, I’m grate­ful to be remind­ed that I should use that list more, as it keeps me more mind­ful of loved ones and acquain­tances in my life.

Full show notes for my inter­view can be found here.

What Do Quakers Believe?

December 1, 2025

How’s the old joke go? Ask five Quak­ers what they believe and you’ll get ten answers. Undaunt­ed, Decem­ber’s Friends Jour­nal tries to give some answers to the ques­tion any­way. I very much hope that indi­vid­ual Friends will find view­points they real­ly like as well as ones they real­ly don’t like, or at least don’t agree with. That there are no pat answers is itself part of the answer to the question.

Bonus: we’ve been work­ing on expand­ing our inter­na­tion­al inclu­sion in the mag­a­zine and an arti­cle from Sal­vado­ran Jas­son Areva­lo on the role of Quak­er pas­tors is the first fruits of our new Latin Amer­i­can cor­re­spon­den­t’s out­reach efforts.

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Standing with the Marginalized, with Anthony Manousos)

September 22, 2025

This week I talked with my old Friend Antho­ny Manousos about the [waves hand in the air] polit­i­cal sit­u­a­tion we’re in. I’ve known Antho­ny for over 28 years now, back when we were part of a con­fer­ence to try to kick-start what lat­er was reborn as Quak­er Vol­un­tary Ser­vice (spoil­er: our attempt failed for what I think were most­ly gen­er­a­tional issues). Antho­ny is still protest­ing and wit­ness­ing to make a bet­ter world. I loved hear­ing his sto­ry of coali­tion work and the joy of orga­niz­ing with music. His arti­cle, “We Have No King,” appears in this mon­th’s Friends Jour­nal

I asked him what Quak­ers bring to protests:

One of the impor­tant things that we bring is our way of wor­ship. And our way of wor­ship helps to bring the tem­per­a­ture down. I think what the cur­rent regime wants is a vio­lent move­ment oppos­ing them. That plays out what they want (and cer­tain­ly the assas­si­na­tion of Char­lie Kirk plays into that sce­nario). What Quak­ers bring is a com­mit­ment to peace­ful protest. And when we’re around, we can be that strong, com­mit­ted, peace­ful pres­ence. And that’s important.

I also asked him a follow-up ques­tion of what we need to do to get out of the way and accept the lead­er­ship of oth­ers in social change. You can lis­ten to his answers or read them in the show notes

A Journey of Conscience: Ron Marullo’s Story

September 16, 2025

I talked with Friends Jour­nal author Ronald Marul­lo this week. His arti­cle, “I Aint’ March­ing Any­more” (a nod to Phil Ochs of course), recounts his path to con­sci­en­tious objec­tion dur­ing the Viet­nam war, helped by a very knowl­edgable Quak­er coun­selor. It always amazes me that just a few con­ver­sa­tions at the right time can help some­one clar­i­fy their beliefs and set their lives on a dif­fer­ent path.

I was espe­cial­ly inter­est­ed in talk­ing about the after-effects of the CO process since I went through some­thing sim­i­lar myself. Around age 17 my father start­ed lob­by­ing hard for me to go to the Naval Acad­e­my at Annapo­lis. Except for a few years in Pres­by­ter­ian Sun­day School we had grown up most­ly a‑religious and I found the idea intrigu­ing. I think in ret­ro­spect I was most­ly excit­ed by the idea of an order­ly life that might address my ADHD (called hyper­ac­tiv­i­ty in those days). I got far enough into the process to take a phys­i­cal and get a let­ter of com­men­da­tion from our con­gressper­son but then thought more about the mil­i­tary itself. I real­ized I did­n’t feel com­fort­able join­ing an orga­ni­za­tion whose pur­pose was threat­en­ing to kill. I had on prin­ci­ple, and with­out much delib­er­a­tion, decid­ed not to engage in school­yard fights years before, and suf­fered the reg­u­lar humil­i­a­tions that comes of being the small­est kid in class who every­one knows won’t fight back. To the dis­ap­point­ment of my father I stopped the appli­ca­tion process for the navy. As I pon­dered what to do next, I asked myself what oth­er val­ues might come from my new­found paci­fism. Over the next few years I explored var­i­ous leads and — being in the Philadel­phia area — start­ed run­ning into Quak­ers, some of whom had a kind of inner con­vic­tion I found intriguing.

So while I was far too young to ever wor­ry about a draft, I did have a sim­i­lar defin­ing “what do I believe” moment as a teenag­er. As Ron says in our author chat pod­cast:

That was a turn­ing point in my life. I made deci­sions from fill­ing out those forms and answer­ing those ques­tions actu­al­ly made con­crete what I had inside me, ide­al­ly. You think about this and think about that and whether or not you hold it true. But when you have to put it all on paper and you have to sub­mit it to the world, it changes you. And I’ve lived by that phi­los­o­phy since that age. I’ve done it in my edu­ca­tion­al expe­ri­ence with chil­dren. I’ve done it in my pri­vate life with friends, care­giv­ing oth­ers. My wife and I have been doing that, you know, for decades.